Resumo:A reflexão de Nietzsche acerca do conhecimento é inseparável do contexto positivista das universidades alemães na segunda metade do século XIX. Deste modo, Nietzsche assimila uma forte tendência naturalista, que lhe fornece argumentos contra a interpretação metafísico-racionalista do conhecimento. O presente artigo visa a analisar aspectos do desdobramento desses pressupostos no que diz respeito à consideração do conhecimento efetuada por ele, que o afastam tanto do idealismo como do reducionismo naturalista.:Nietzsche's reflection about knowledge is inseparable from the positivist context of (...) German universities in the second half of the nineteenth century. Nietzsche assimilates from it a strong naturalistic tendency, which gives him arguments against the metaphysical-rationalist interpretation of knowledge. This article aims to analyze aspects of these assumptions with regard to his consideration of knowledge, that keeps him away from idealism to the naturalist reductionism. (shrink)

Although the few references to the term, Nietzsche's notion of perspectivism is an important assumption of his philosophical reflection. It is a notion, as it will be tried to demonstrate, significant for the understanding of many theoretical positions of the author concerning science and knowledge and decisively for the interpretation of both notions as interpretative perspectives The following argument aims to analyze the influences and assumptions of this notion, highlighting its Kantian (Neokantian), Schopenhaurian background, but also considering influences outside of (...) philosophy, such as Ruggero Boscovich's theoretical physics, which plays a decisive role in the formulation of the notions of perspectivism and perspectivist interpretation in Nietzsche's philosophy. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende discorrer sobre o conceito de natureza possibilitado pela ontologia de Heidegger, que busca no pensamento grego seu sentido mais originário, e a crítica do filósofo ao conceito proporcionado pela metafísica clássica que teria provocado distopias na relação entre o homem e a natureza ao objetivá-la. Tal relação de domínio, além de evidenciar a necessidade de uma reflexão sobre o antropocentrismo, também e, por consequência disso, desvela-se através da crise ambiental vivida hoje por nós. Dessa forma, Heidegger (...) encontra tal sentido originário na palavra physis, o qual discuto nas páginas seguintes suas nuances a partir do que foi levantado pela obra do filósofo. Busca-se assim encontrar um sentido autêntico de natureza, antes do que foi assimilado pela tradição metafísica e desencoberto pelo ser humano como uma reserva ao seu dispor. (shrink)

A chegada e o estabelecimento da reflexão filosófica europeia no Brasil são indissociáveis do aristotelismo português trazido pelos jesuítas desde sua chegada ao então território colonial em 1549. A compreensão de determinados aspectos relacionados a este acontecimento não deve implicar na proposição de um fator determinista para a interpretação do modo como a filosofia é multiplamente tratada e pesquisada no país, mas certamente consiste em um fator imprescindível para a sua consideração. A argumentação a seguir visa indicar alguns aspectos ainda (...) presentes na forma segundo a qual a filosofia ainda é pensada entre nós. (shrink)

This study aimed to evaluate the food production and then act to increase the quality and security of a service, in order to meet the requirements for qualification HAPPC, using good manufacturing procedures as starting point for implementation. It is characterized as an intervention study, emphasizing the quality of foods and the use of good manufacturing procedures at the foodservice and nutrition units, located in Botucatu-SP. It was composed of 2 moments. In the first, we applied a check-list for ascertainment (...) of non-conformity and in the second moment a training “in loco” was given for the collaborators. The lack of hygienic cleaning of hands is seen as an important negative point. We verified that the biggest difficulties and irregularities are related to the manipulators which don´t follow the rules. Good manufacturing procedures were obtained to increase the quality and the security of foods in the unit, but these must be kept constantly adjusted to the standards. (shrink)

We propose a special look at new epistemological possibilities in constructing knowledge to fill the gap between theory development and its practical and societal applications. We turn our attention to the strategy field of studies, which is traditionally positivist, but that also accommodates some timid attempts to produce content from other onto-epistemological bases, such as strategy as practice. Then, we explore the possible interchange between strategy as practice and the Epistemologies of the South. Once strategy as practice is based on (...) practice rationality, which conceives social life as continuous production, it allows considering a wider diversity of social experiences surrounding strategic management. Likewise, the Epistemologies of the South represent a processual approach, which considers the social realities of developing countries and allows the inclusion of marginalized voices in social sciences' theorizing movements. We develop a conceptual-methodological guide for researchers to reflect on the possible ways to systematically rescue pieces of many social experiences forgotten by normal science, promoting cognitive and social justice in research, especially in the strategy field. Our proposal is a reflection about exploring what is not done, what is not practiced and make possible to expand the universe of social experiences considered for analysis in organizational and management studies. In doing so, we call the attention of scholars to start a paradigm shift from marginalization to the inclusion of multiple social realities toward cognitive and social democracy in research. (shrink)

Resenha do livro: MOREIRA ALMEIDA, Alexander; COSTA, Marianna Abreu; COELHO, Humberto Schubert. _Science of life after death. _Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2022. 96 f.

It is about analyzing the connection between just memory, narration and art, using an approach that mixes philosophy and visual arts. We will start from the perspective of the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur on fair memory, presented in his work Memory, History, Oblivion (2000), according to which there is an institutionalized ideologization of memory in which narrations are silenced or distorted by the so-called official history. In the process of recovering fair memory, these narratives need to be heard, recognized and (...) valued, deconstructing abusive mechanisms that silence them with the aim of producing oblivion or that manipulate them involve distorting the facts to benefit hegemonic discourses. Next, we will discuss how the myth of Brazilian racial democracy is an example of institutionalized ideologization of memory, considering mainly the reflections of Brazilian philosophy Sueli Carneiro in Device of raciality (2023). Finally, we will show how Elian Almeida's pictorial counter-narratives, especially the Vogue series (2020), work to strengthen and disseminate unofficial narratives about Brazil that have been suffocated by official history. (shrink)

Índice del número colectivo Minga-Mutirão de Revistas Latinoamericanas de Teología 2013, «A los 40 años de la Teología de la Liberación: balance y futuro» VIGIL, José Maria. Presentación . BARROS, Marcelo; VIGIL, José Maria. Anunciaron su muerte, ¡pero está bien viva! Teología de la Liberación 40 años: balance y perspectivas . SUSIN, Luiz Carlos, Secretario Executivo do Foro Mundial de Teologia e Libertação, Porto Alegre, Brasil, Teologia da Libertação: de onde viemos, para onde vamos? ALMEIDA, Antonio José de (...) , Teologia da Libertação e transições eclesiasis pendentes para o futuro. ARAGÃO, Gilbraz, Recife, Brasil, A Libertação se desdobra em diálogo. Teologia da Libertação e pluralismo religioso. BARROS, Marcelo, Recife, Brasil, Para una teología bolivariana de la Liberación. Teología de la Liberación y Patria Grande hoy . SCHIAVO, Luigi, San José, Costa Rica , Tiempos oscuros, tiempos de monstruos. Teología de la Liberación y nuevos desafíos culturales. OSORIO, Sergio, Bogotá, Colombia , Una nueva dimensión epistemológica para la teología. La Teología de la Liberación y el desafío epistemológico. RODRIGUES SILVA Marcos, Coordenador da Comissão de Teologia Afro da ASETT, Teologia Afro (ou Negra) da Libertação: balanço e perspectivas. TOMICHÁ, Roberto, Cochabamba, Bolivia, Teologías de la liberación indígenas. VÉLEZ, Consuelo, Coordinadora de la Comisión de Teología Feminista de la ASETT, Universidad Xaveriana, Bogotá, Colombia, Teología feminista latinoamericana de la Liberación: balance y futuro. KERBER, Guillermo : Teología de la liberación y movimiento ecuménico. CASTILLO, Jorge, panameño profesor de teología en la Universidad de Nijmegen, Holanda, Teología de la liberación y «cristianismo mundial». VIGIL, José María, Panamá, Panamá, Teología de la Liberación en camino hacia nuevos paradigmas. (shrink)

Resenha do livro _Nietzsche: além-do-homem e idealidade estética_. Escrito por Roberto de Almeida Pereira de Barros..

O estudo divulga pesquisa sobre o contexto histórico e as circunstâncias da criação e instalação do Parque Infantil "Antonio Carlos de Barros", o primeiro da cidade de Sorocaba/SP, no atendimento de pré-escolar municipal. Essa instituição surgiu pela necessidade de atender criança e família. Faz-se aqui, ainda, um breve histórico das primeiras instituições de atendimento infantil no Brasil e na cidade de São Paulo, observando-se que a preocupação era com a saúde, alimentação, higiene e sobrevivência, visto o precário saneamento e (...) as moléstias que afetavam a criança, acarretando altos índices de mortalidade. Tal atendimento teve impulso com a expansão no Brasil de uma nova concepção que, nas décadas de 20 e 30 (séc. XX), foi importante para a ação do Estado e da sociedade quanto à criação e à melhoria desse tipo de instituição que priorizava as necessidades da criança, incentivando-a à aprendizagem e ao desenvolvimento psicológico e social, até ali ausentes. Em setembro de 1954, o parque foi inaugurado, tornandose o pioneiro no atendimento infantil em Sorocaba, voltando-se à população menos favorecida pelas políticas públicas. A crescente intensificação do trabalho feminino foi um dos principais motivos que levaram a sociedade a pensar em um ambiente que contemplasse as carências específicas da criança. Isso ensejou movimentos por parte, notadamente, de um professor idealista, José Carlos de Almeida, que influenciou a sociedade civil e os órgãos governamentais, a fim de que o atendimento de pré-escolares em Sorocaba se tornasse realidade. (shrink)

Studies have suggested that metaphors (Lawyers are sharks) and similes (Lawyers are like sharks) have distinct representations: metaphors engender more figurative and abstract properties, whereas similes engender more literal properties. We investigated to what extent access to such representations occurs automatically, during on-line reading. In particular, we examined whether similes convey a more literal meaning by following the metaphors and similes with explanations that expressed either a figurative (dangerous) or a literal property (fish) of the vehicle. In a self-paced reading (...) with a moving window paradigm, we presented participants with negated simile and metaphor main clauses (Lawyers are not (like) sharks) followed by explanations that also negated either a figurative (because lawyers are not dangerous) or a literal property of the vehicle (because lawyers are not fish). We found that vehicles (sharks) in metaphors were read significantly faster than those in similes. In addition, explanations negating a figurative property were read faster after metaphors, whereas explanations negating a literal property were read faster after similes. These results support the hypothesis that metaphors and similes rely on different interpretive processes, suggesting that similes access literal representations while metaphor access figurative ones in real time. (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to define and restore, in a systematic way, the decisive argumentative axes that allow a degree of internal consistency to the famous expressive interpretation of Spinoza’s philosophy made by Gilles Deleuze. Initially, we will examine how the Deleuzian interpretation of Spinoza portrays a peculiar and unique moment of the relations that Deleuze, during at least three decades, has established with the history of philosophy. Then, we will check which conceptual frameworks – built in a (...) non-hierarchical manner, according to Deleuze – would support the thesis of an intrinsic and practical necessity to the ontological constitutive process in Spinoza’s Ethics under the perspective of a philosophy of difference. (shrink)

This article presents a conceptual discussion on the phenomenon of incorporation of tools and other objects in the light of Maine de Biran’s philosophy of the relation between the body and the motor will. Drawing on Maine de Biran’s view of the body as that portion of the material world which directly obeys one’s motor will, as well as on his view (supported by studies in contemporary cognitive science) of active touch as the perceptual modality that is sensitive to objects (...) as fields of forces resisting the perceiver’s movements, we discuss the phenomena of motor incorporation and haptic incorporation, as well as the relation between them. Motor incorporation occurs when something is integrated into the motor system, i.e. when practice enables one to animate an object as directly, effortlessly and fluently as one is able to animate one’s own body. The subject then has the experience of acting there, where the object is located, not at the body–object interface. In order to better understand the phenomenon of motor incorporation, we highlight the phenomenological difference between directly and indirectly moving something. Haptic incorporation occurs when something is integrated into the haptic system, i.e. when an object is used as an instrument for the haptic perception of other objects. Finally, we seek to shed light on the phenomenon of transparency, understanding the transparency acquired by the incorporated object as both a relational property and a matter of degrees. (shrink)

José Ortega y Gasset deu em Lisboa, em 1944, um curso universitário intitulado La razón histórica. Não obstante ter ficado incompleto, após interrupção por doença do autor, ele é talvez um dos mais importantes vestígios da sua estada em Portugal, durante a última etapa do seu longo exílio. Em edição da Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, Margarida I. Almeida Amoedo disponibiliza agora a tradução desse curso, enquadrando-o no contexto próximo da obra orteguiana.

In Brazil, the CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) provides grants, funds and fellowships to productive scientists to support their investigations. They are ranked and categorized into four hierarchical levels ranging from PQ 1A (the highest) to PQ 1D (the lowest). Few studies, however, report and analyse scientific productivity in different sub-fields of Biomedical Sciences (BS), e.g., Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Biophysics and Physiology. In fact, systematic comparisons of productivity among the PQ 1 categories within the above sub-fields are lacking (...) in the literature. Here, the scientific productivity of 323 investigators receiving PQ 1 fellowships (A to D levels) in these sub-fields of BS was investigated. The Scopus database was used to compile the total number of articles, citations, h-index values and authorship positions (first-, co- or last-listed author) in the most cited papers by researchers granted CNPq fellowships. We found that researchers from Pharmacology had the best performance for all of the parameters analysed, followed by those in Biochemistry. There was great variability in scientific productivity within the PQ 1A level in all of the sub-fields of BS, but not within the other levels (1B, 1C and 1D). Analysis of the most cited papers of PQ 1(A–D) researchers in Pharmacology revealed that the citations of researchers in the 1C and 1D levels were associated with publications with their senior supervisors, whereas those in the 1B level were less connected with their supervisors in comparison to those in 1A. Taken together, these findings suggest that the scientific performance of PQ 1A researchers in BS is not homogenous. In our opinion, parameters such as the most cited papers without the involvement of Ph.D. and/or post-doctoral supervisors should be used to make decisions regarding any given researcher’s fellowship award level. (shrink)

Virginia Held nos propõe em seu capítulo “Care and Human Rights”, do livro Philosophical Foudantion of Human Rights, que utilizemos a perspectiva da ética do cuidado para pensar e efetivar as demandas que escolhemos tratar com a linguagem dos direitos humanos, na qual se prioriza tradicionalmente as questões da justiça. Ainda que reconheça a importância que os direitos humanos possuem em mobilizar forças tanto em âmbito internacional como na esfera nacional, no que diz respeito à efetivação de leis e de (...) políticas voltadas para problemas que afetam seriamente as populações dos países, Held frisa que milhares de pessoas ainda escapam a esse alcance, inclusive crianças, que morrem em número alarmante por desnutrição ou por doenças tratáveis. Destaca, ainda, que nossa concepção de direitos humanos é herdeira de uma visão individualista e violenta da tradição liberal, na qual o sujeito solitário vai enfrentar sozinho as forças do mundo, incluindo aí a natureza e as outras pessoas. Uma ética do cuidado, pela sua característica de reconhecer nossa situação necessária de vulnerabilidade e de interdependência, propõe-se como uma alternativa mais eficiente, por focar na relação entre cuidador/a e cuidado/a, buscando-se afastar das abstrações tradicionais como as que ela entende ser as demais abordagens éticas como a kantiana e a utilitarista, ainda tributárias daquela tradição liberal. (shrink)

The article presents an analysis of an extract from a Collective Philosophical Inquiry. Through this case study, we show the possible misunderstandings linked to the duality of two « worlds » : that of the teacher who experiments with CPI in her classroom and that of the researcher who is responsible for the design of this type of session. The « world » is defined as « conceptual, axiological and praxical background ». The confrontation between these worlds therefore questions both (...) the modalities of their necessary collaboration and the conditions of the construction and use of a true « professional genesis. (shrink)

Roger Ames and François Jullien are eminent scholars writing on ancient Chinese thought, yet they have followed quite different paths in their academic research. In this paper I will argue that, although their styles, theories and motivations are sometimes dramatically different, both authors share an interest in combining philosophy and sinology in an effort to unveil the existence of a radical contrast between China and the West. I will explain that language is at the center of the affirmation of Chinese (...) otherness, insofar as it is seen as a reflection of the processual inclinations of ancient China. Thus, Ames and Jullien have developed a hybrid Chinese-Western language that seeks to bridge East and West, while at the same time respecting the boundaries and preserving the strangeness of both traditions. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo explicitar a noção de consciência em Sartre, explorando o modo como se dá a relação entre ontologia e fenomenologia na filosofia de Sartre.

Resenha do livro de Maria Judith Sucupira da Costa Lins "Educação Moral na Perspectiva de Alasdair MacIntyre".

A Crítica da faculdade de julgar foi recebida com entusiasmo pelos filósofos do idealismo alemão. No caso de Friedrich Schelling, as duas partes da obra foram influentes, de modo que não só a estética kantiana, mas também a teleologia foi marcante em sua trajetória filosófica. Observaremos como o filósofo de Leonberg acolhe, na Introdução às Ideias para uma filosofia da natureza, a noção kantiana de organismo como dotado de autocausalidade, mas pensa-a nos quadros de uma filosofia pós-kantiana, buscando prescindir das (...) noções de juízo reflexionante e também da ideia de “natureza como arte” para se pensar o organismo. Como Schelling vincula essa noção com a proposta de se pensar a unidade entre natureza e espírito a partir do próprio sujeito, e não de algo exterior a ele? Como Kant reagiria a tal proposta? The Critique of Judgment was enthusiastically received by the German Idealists. In the case of Friedrich Schelling, both divisions of the work were influent, thus resulting that not only Kantian aesthetics, but also the teleology was a landmark in his philosophical itinerary. We attempt to observe how the philosopher of Leonberg receives, in the Introduction to the Ideas for a Philosophy of Nature, the Kantian conception of organism as endowed with self-causality, but at the same time thinks it within the frame of a post-Kantian philosophy, leaving aside the reflective judgment and also the idea of nature as a product of art in order to think the organism. How does Schelling connect this notion with the proposal to think the unity between nature and spirit based on the own subject, and not on something external to it? How would Kant react to such a proposal? (shrink)